| 1. Edge DNS & WAF | DDoS floods, brute-force bots, geographic scraping | Cloudflare Proxy with Web Application Firewall rules | Free - Low ($0-$20/mo) |
| 2. HTTP Security Headers | Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Clickjacking, MIME sniffing | Configure HSTS, Content-Security-Policy, X-Content-Type-Options | Free (Code configuration) |
| 3. Form & API Abuse | Spam submissions, credential stuffing, API scrapers | Turnstile or reCAPTCHA v3 + server-side schema validation | Free - Minimal |
| 4. Authentication & RBAC | Account takeover, credential reuse, weak passwords | Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) + OAuth / Auth0 / Supabase | Low - Moderate |
| 5. Data Storage | Unencrypted backups, SQL injection leakage | Encrypted database at rest (AES-256) + decoupled APIs | Moderate |